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- Music of Argentina
- The bandoneón begins to become popular in Argentina; it will soon become one of the principal instruments in tango music
- Music of Colombia
- The accordion begins to become popular throughout the country
- Music of Cuba
- Romantic ballads called boleros are developed
- A second wave of Haitian immigrants bring tumba francesa to the Oriente
- Music of Indonesia
- The developing form of kroncong is popular among the poor, urban people
- Music of Russia
- Vassily Andreyev and Mitrofan Pyatnitsky found music groups as part of a cultural revival in traditional Russian music
- Music of Spain
- Travelling troupes offering pop flamenco (Opera Flamenco) begin to achieve widespread popularity
- Music of Switzerland
- The Swiss Musicians Association is founded
- Music of Trinidad and Tobago
- First recorded use of the word "calypso"
- Music of the United States
- Joseph Kekuku invents steel guitar by sliding a piece of steel across the strings of a slacked guitar; at about the same time, Hawaiian traditional music with English lyrics (hapa haole) was invented
- The modern incarnation of Native American powwow music and dance arise
- Music of Puerto Rico
- Commonly regarded as the beginning of plena music in Puerto Rico
- Music of the Dominican Republic
- Juan F. García, Juan Espínola and Julio Alberto Hernandez, among others, begin trying to move merengue into mainstream ballrooms in the Dominican Republic; their attempt fails but is the beginning of merengue's eventual success outside of rural areas
- Music of India
- Fred Gaisberg makes the first recordings of Indian music
- Music of the United States
- The most popular fusion of schottische and ragtime, "Any Rags" by Thomas S. Allen, becomes a major hit
- Music of Sri Lanka
- A theatrical song called "Nurthi" is the first recording out of Sri Lanka
- Music of Spain
- A recording by the choral group Aires d'a Terra from Pontevedra is the first commercial recording of Galician music
- Perfecto Feijoo records the hurdy gurdy for the first time
- Music of Lithuania
- The nationalist society Daina is registered as a church choir with the Russian government
- Music of Tanzania
- The Ikhwani Safaa Musical Club is founded; this is sometimes considered the birth of modern taarab
- International trends
- Ferruccio Busoni's essay "Entwurf einer neuen Aesthetic der Tonkunst" explains his unusual harmonic ideas, and is perhaps the earliest prediction of the development of electronic music
- Music of Mexico
- General Porfirio Díaz legendarily orders a mariachi band to wear upper-class clothing (a charro suit) when they played for the visiting United States Secretary of State; this is the beginning of modern mariachi, as well as the traditional dress of future mariachi stars
- International trends
- Arnold Schoenberg's Book of Hanging Gardens revolutionizes classical music, replacing harmony and tonality with dissonance
- Music of the United States
- Tin Pan Alley continues dominating the US music industry
- Anthony Maggio publishes blues band orchestration "I Got the Blues"
- Music of Cuba
- Son montuno reaches Havana from its origin in the Oriente province
- Music of Iceland
- Bjarni Porsteinsson finishes publishing an anthology of folk songs
- Music of the United States
- A song called "Uncle Josh in Society" is the first use of the term jazz (here used to refer to ragtime)
- International trends
- The tango begins to become popular in Europe
- Maggie Papakura, a Maori musician, performs across the United Kingdom
- Music of Armenia
- Komitas Vardapet finishes collecting over 3,000 Armenian folk songs
- Music of Peru
- The Indigenismo movement begins, bringing increased social and cultural awareness to native Peruvians
- Music of Portugal
- Fado is recorded for the first time
- Music of Spain
- The end of the golden age of flamenco
- Music of the United States
- The first scholarly interest in Appalachian folk music results in several field recordings, and John Lomax's Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads
- International trends
- Kazi Nazrul Islam begins composing Bengali music, eventually to become became the popular stream of Nazrulgeeti, popular today in Bangladesh and West Bengal
- Music of China
- Western music begins to make inroads into China
- Music of Azerbaijan
- Shakili Alasgar performs the Bayati Shiraz mugham in Warsaw; this is the first recording of Azerbaijani folk music
- Music of Cuba
- Trío Matamoros refines son and begins its popularization
- Music of Japan
- The future members of the Hatano Jazz Band visit the US, leading to the first fusions of jazz and Japanese music
- Music of New Zealand
- James Cowan's "Sailor Memories", an article in the Christchurch Press, is the beginning of a serious consideration of New Zealand folk songs as part of the culture of New Zealand
- Music of South Africa
- Gramophone Company Ltd makes the first commercial recordings of South African music in Cape Town and Johannesburg with a portable field recorder
- Music of Trinidad and Tobago
- Lovey's String Band travels to New York City to make the first calypso recordings
- Music of the United States
- W.C. Handy publishes early hit blues song, "The Memphis Blues".
- After Bird of Paradise becomes a Broadway hit, the popularization of Hawaiian music begins; slack-key guitar's influence on country music also starts
- International trends
- A near-riot occurs at the premiere of Stravinsky's Rite of Spring in Paris
- Luigi Russolo's L'Arte dei Rumori is published; Russolo claims that noise produced by machines will revolutionize music in the 20th century
- Music of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Izvorna Bosanska muzika ensembles begin to become popular
- Music of Bulgaria
- Trumpeter Abe Elenkrig & His Hebrew Bulgarian Orchestra make some of the first known recordings of klezmer, a form of Yiddish folk music
- International trends
- Jerome Kern combines multiple forms of ballet, music and theater to invent the modern musical
- First public performances by Leo Ornstein of his solo piano composition Wild Men's Dance, the first piece in the Western tradition to make extensive use of tone clusters
- Music of Haiti
- United States soldiers occupying Haiti bring with them swing and big band music
- Music of Japan
- "Kachusha no uta" composed by Nakayama Shimpei is the first big kayokyoku (pop music) hit in Japan
- Music of Trinidad and Tobago
- Lionel Belasco makes his first recordings, the first from Trinidad
- International trends
- Many millions of Armenian people, fleeing the Young Turk regime, arrive in the United States, especially California Central Valley, bringing with them folk Armenian music
- Music of Greece
- Music of Latvia
- Krišjānis Barons finishes publishing Latvju Dainas, a collection of traditional dainas
- Music of Lithuania
- German occupation authorities suppress the nationalist organization Daina
- Music of Spain
- Manuel de Falla composes El Amor Brujo, the first flamenco ballet
- Music of the United States
- New Orleans-style bands start enjoying popularity in Chicago; Tom Brown starts billing his group as a Jass Band
- Music of the Dominican Republic
- The American occupation of the Dominican Republic begins. This leads to a pop form called pambiche, invented for American soldiers that couldn't dance to the harder forms, and is also responsible for nationalist elements being added to the lyrics, foreshadowing the rise of Rafael Trujillo
- Music of Finland
- A. O. Väisänen records jouhikko music played by Feodor Pratsu, inspiring a new generation of modern players
- Music of Lithuania
- J. Naujalis and Stasys Simkus revitalized the nationalist society Daina after suppression by German authorities
- Music of the United States
- Folklorist Cecil Sharp begins a series of influential recordings of rural folk musicians, most importantly The Ritchies
- Music of Russia
- The Bolsheviks come to power and persecute Gypsy musicians, who had long dominated Russian popular music, for having entertained the bourgeoisie; most Gypsies choose to leave
- Music of the United States
- The beginning of recorded jazz by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band ("Livery Stable Blues")
- Abe Schwartz signs to Columbia Records and Harry Kandel to Victor Records, marking the birth of the American klezmer record industry
- Music of Mexico
- Music of Quebec
- The first scholarly interest in Québécois folk music, as well as its commercial recording, begin
- Music of the United States
- Chicago establishes itself as the capital of jazz
- Stride piano style develops in New York City
- International trends
- Highlife music develops in western Africa, especially in coastal Ghana
- Performers like Carlos Gardel begin to popularize the tango in France, Spain and Latin America
- Xavier Cugat popularizes several forms of Afro-Cuban dances in the United States and Europe
- Erik Satie composes bizarre furniture music
- Music of Algeria
- Music of Argentina
- The tango moved into respectable venues like theaters and cabarets and entered its first Golden Age with artists like Carlos Gardél
- Music of Cuba
- Son montuno takes on its modern form in Havana
- The septeto ensemble develops
- Music of France
- Martinican biguine begins to become popular in France
- Music of Greece
- Music of the Sudan
- Music of the United States
- Paul Whiteman makes jazz popular throughout the country with his recording of Whispering and The Japanese Sandman, which became the biggest seller record of the year, selling over two million copies.
- Ted Lewis becomes the second most popular jazz band (after Paul Whiteman) and remains so throughout the decade.
- Popularity of Mamie Smith's "Crazy Blues" alerts music industry to the profitablity of making records by and for African Americans
- Hawaiian musicians like Bennie Nawahi begin incorporating jazz influences into traditional Hawaiian music
- Classical music
- Arnold Schoenberg with his pupils Anton Webern, and Alban Berg pioneer the twelve-tone technique intended on establishing a unifying principle for nontonal music
- Music of Colombia
- Musica de la interior begins to dominate Colombian popular music
- Music of Germany
- Music of the United States
- Harry Pace founds Black Swan Records, the first black-owned record label in the country
- Thomas A. Dorsey's "If I Don't Get There" is the start of the popularization of gospel music, performed outside of a church setting
- International trends
- László Moholy-Nagy encourages the use of phonograph records to produce music instead of merely recording it
- Music of Cuba
- Radio broadcasting begins, helping to popularize son montuno and other forms of Cuban music
- Music of the Philippines
- Kundiman, Westernized forms of traditional songs, are developed
- Music of Spain
- Manolo Caracol, one of the biggest names in early 20th century flamenco, is said to have walked from Jerez all the way to a distant cante jondo competition, which he won, thus beginning his international rise to fame
- Music of Turkey
- The newly-founded Turkish Republic, led by Kemal Atatürk, begins a program to develop a pan-Turkish national identity
- Music of the United States
- Eck Robertson makes the first recording of rural Appalachian folk music, setting the stage for the development of country music
- The term "race records" first appears in an advertisement in an issue of the Chicago Defender, an African American newspaper.[1]
- Music of Denmark
- Saxophonist Valdemar Eiberg forms the first Danish jazz band
- Music of Greece
- Ethnic Greeks from Asia Minor move en masse to Greece; this is the root of rembétika music
- Music of South Africa
- Sol Plaatje makes the first recording of the South African national anthem "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika"
- Music of the United States
- Surge in recordings by African American jazz and blues artists, including first records by Louis Armstrong, Ida Cox, Jelly Roll Morton, Sidney Bechet, King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, Johnny Dodds, Bessie Smith, and many others
- John Carson records two hillbilly songs, thus forming the root of commercial country music
- Fletcher Henderson begins enlarging jazz ensembles, providing the foundation for swing music
- Music of Lithuania
- The first Dainu Sventes, popular song festivals, take place with the purpose of keeping folk traditions alive
- Music of Mexico
- Minister of Education José Vasconcelos proclaims the Jarabe tapatío to be Mexico’s national dance and decrees that it is to be taught throughout the Mexican public school system as a symbol of Mexican identity, designed to supersede any local dance traditions and bind together the ethnically diverse population
- Music of Portugal
- Antonio Menano's guitarradas become popular in Coimbra and abroad
- Music of the United States
- Louis Armstrong joins the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra, arguably the beginning of big band and swing music
- Vernon Dalhart's "The Prisoner's Song" becomes the first commercially-successful country single
- Riley Puckett introduces a vocal method similar to yodelling into country music
- International trends
- Major record companies start recording with electric microphones, allowing records of greater audio fidelity
- Music of Australia
- Release of the first Australian jazz recording, "Yes Sir That's My Baby" by Ray Tellier's San Francisco Orchestra
- Music of Kenya
- The first clubs playing European-style dance music appear in the Mombasa area
- Music of Mexico
- The Golden Age of Corridos begins
- Music of Sweden
- August Bohlin invents a chromatic nyckelharpa
- Music of the United States
- Blind Lemon Jefferson, T-Bone Walker and Lightnin' Hopkins help invent the Texas blues
- Gospel music begins to enter the mainstream, promoted by jubilee quartets (such as the Norfolk Jubilee Quartet), jackleg preachers (such as Blind Willie Johnson and Washington Phillips) and singing preachers (such as Reverend J. M. Gates)
- The Mills Brothers popularize Barbershop
- The program that will eventually become the Grand Ole Opry begins broadcasting on WSM Radio, the first major station in Nashville
- Carl Sprague becomes the first singing cowboy
- Music of the Solomon Islands
- Bamboo bands, who play by hitting bamboo tubes with coconut husks, become popular
- Music of the United States
- Rudolph Valentino films like The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse popularize the tango
- Ukrainian-American fiddler Pawlo Humeniuk releases "Ukrainske Wesilie", which sells about 150,000 copies and launches his career as the King of the Ukrainian fiddlers
- A new type of microphone enables Bing Crosby to introduces a new style of "crooning" on his debut record
- Will Shade founds the first jug band in Memphis, Tennessee
- International trends
- Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht begin combining jazz and pop music into soundtracks
- Music of Canada
- Gerald S. Doyle's Old Time Songs and Poetry of Newfoundland is first published; it becomes the most popular anthology of traditional Newfoundland music
- Music of Cuba
- Septets largely replace son montuno sextets
- Music of Italy
- Dionigi Burranca, the most influential launeddas player of the 20th century, begins his career
- Music of Russia
- Léon Theremin performs the first concerto that uses a theremin
- Music of Spain
- Association of Txistularies in the Basque Country is formed to promote txistu music
- Music of the United States
- Big band and swing music begin to break into the fringes of the mainstream
- Gus Cannon, Noah Lewis and Will Shade represent the commercial peak of jug band-styled folk music
- Hillbilly music's two biggest performers, The Carters and Jimmie Rodgers, make their first recording in a session led by Ralph Peer; Jimmie Rodgers proves most influential, adapting yodelling, Hawaiian slide guitar and blues-style musicianship for country music
- The first massively popular musical comedy, Show Boat (Jerome Kern, Oscar Hammerstein II) receives its first performance
- International trends
- Django Reinhardt emerges in the world of jazz; he will go on to begin a strong jazz tradition among European Gypsies
- Rita Montaner's "El Manicero" becames a hit in Paris, breaking Cuban music into Europe for the first time
- Music of Germany
- Marlene Dietrich and Margo Lion's "Wenn die beste Freundin" marks the biggest period of cabaret's popularity, and becomes an important and early song to deal with lesbianism
- Music of Ghana
- Sam's Trio records their debut, three versions of the song "Yaa Amponsah", which remains one of the most popular highlife songs
- Music of Tanzania
- Siti bint Saad makes the first commercial recordings by a Swahili musician
- Music of the United States
- Al Jolson records Sonny Boy from his part-talkie The Singing Fool for Brunswick and it becomes the number one selling hit of the year.
- Gene Austin, one of the most popular vocalists of the decade, scores a huge hit with his recording of My Blue Heaven which sold over twelve million copies.
- Recordings by banjoist Dock Boggs become one of the early pivotal recordings of folk music
- "Pine Top's Boogie Woogie" by Clarence "Pine Top" Smith is released, prefiguring many of the rhythmic and lyrical approaches which later figure in rock and roll
- Joseph and Cleoma Falcon record the first Cajun song, "Allons à Lafayette"
- Pawlo Humeniuk's "Kanarek" is the best-selling polka of its time, and becomes one of the standards of later east coast US polka
- Music of Iceland
- Music of Italy
- Genoese trallalero music is popular
- Music of the United States
- Rudy Vallee becomes a singing sensation across the nation and become the first crooner. He became what was perhaps the first complete example of the 20th century mass media pop star.
- Nick Lucas records two songs (Tip Toe Thru The Tulips and Painting the Clouds with Sunshine) from the all color talkie Gold Diggers of Broadway and this becomes the biggest selling record of the year, selling well over two million copies.
- Blues musicians like Memphis Minnie and Furry Lewis emerge with the Memphis blues
- Musicians like Cow Cow Davenport and Roosevelt Sykes use the piano in the blues, using the term boogie woogie to describe this sound
- The first recordings of Texan conjunto music begin